History Of Aromatherapy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History Of Aromatherapy - Essay Example For this ancient culture, perfumes and aromatherapy were a part of daily life, with perfumed substances used in both religious rituals and in medicine. Fragrances were so important to the ancient Egyptians that one of their deities was dedicated to them. Nefertem, the God of perfume, was an important figure in the Egyptian pantheon3, and is linked to Egyptian creation myths as well as being the official patron of plant-based cosmetic and healing arts. Nefertem was most closely linked to the lotus flower, which is still an integral component of Chinese medicine in the present day. The ancient Egyptians used plant oils in religious ceremonies and rituals of all types including embalming, purifying, healing, beautifying, and bathing4. They are known to have used a number of aromatic compounds, including myrrh, frankincense, cedarwood, juniper, and coriander5. Records which date back to 4500 BC mention aromatic oils, barks, resins, and spices used in medicine, religious ritual, and embalming. Many different uses for various plant extracts are documented. For example; hayfever was treated with antimony, aloe, myrrh, and honey6. Queen Nefertiti is said to have used cleansing beauty masks made of honey, milk, and flower pollens7, and to have bathed in oils from 80 different fruits and herbs to keep her skin soft. The Egyptians are thought to have used the processes of distillation and enfleurage to extract plant oils8. The enfleurage technique involves drying flowers over a rack of lard or tallow so that the fat absorbs their scent. This technique was used to extract scent from the Nile lotus, an important ingredient in Egyptian perfumery which features prominently in temple art. Scented substances were included in many of the rituals involved in preparation for the afterlife. They included containers of scented oils at burial sites of the deceased for them to use in the afterlife, and tucked branches of antiseptic herbs such as rosemary within the folds of the cloth wrappings to help preserve the mummy. Cedarwood, clove and myrrh oils were used to embalm the dead. Traces of such herbs have been discovered with intact portions of mummified bodies, with the herb's scent faint but still apparent9. Aromatherapy through the Ages Both the ancient Greeks and Romans gained much of their knowledge of aromatherapy from Egyptian culture10. As trade routes began to open up between Egypt and Europe, the Greeks followed the Egyptians' lead in using plant oils both medicinally and cosmetically. Greek soldiers carried essential oils such as myrrh into battle for the treatment of wounds11, while the famous 'father of medicine', Hippocrates, believed that daily aromatic baths and scented massages were essential to good health12. Knowing that certain plants had antibacterial properties, he urged people to burn these as protection when plague broke out in Athens. Later, the Romans also imported aromatic products from the Far East13. The Romans mastered the art of aromatics, and discovered that while some fragrances were stimulating and uplifting, others had relaxing sedative effects. During the European plague of the 14th century, over eighty million people across

Organizational and Management Processes Within Health Systems Coursework

Organizational and Management Processes Within Health Systems - Coursework Example The health sector is citizens oriented and ought to live to the expectation of both the government and the public. Different players have a strategic responsibility, but this paper will focus on an internal aspect of Nigerian hospitals. The alignment of activities and resources in healthcare system are classically aimed at improving the quality of service and efficiency both in service delivery and utilization of resources (Merson et al., 2009. 16-21) Corporate culture plays a significant role in employee satisfaction and therefore service delivery. Managers play an important role in the creation of culture in an organization and learning it. This allows the management to separate cultural artifices with a positive impact on service delivery from non-progressive norms. There are many contending variables in the organizations culture. The changing needs and expectation of stakeholders like the contradicting needs of the patients, the providers and regulators create inconsistencies and send mixed signals. Moreover, it handles the maintenance of most inefficient practices and is, therefore, important that the discussion about organizational culture be started (Swayne, 2014. 17). Learning an organizational culture in health will allow managers to identify specific areas and norms that affect service delivery and its efficient utilization of resources. Culture to some degree is shaped by incentives and understanding it in health, allows the managers and regulators to identify specific areas they can encourage change or improvement. Culture determines how an organization does things. It is, therefore, imperative that progressive stagnant culture are separated and dealt with accordingly through identification (Watkins, 2013, 8-14) We should be moving towards learning organizational culture in health care systems. Culture is a factor that determines the quality of service